[SatNews] A pair of satellites flying in close formation to cast an artificial eclipse is now being turned into space-ready reality by ESA’s industrial partners.
The two satellites of Proba-3 will fly in formation to form an external coronagraph in space, one satellite eclipsing the Sun to allow the second to study the otherwise invisible solar corona.
Image is courtesy of ESA – P. Carril, 2013.
The latest member of ESA’s Proba minisatellite family will begin its ambitious mission in about four years’ time. Two satellites will be launched together then separate to fly in tandem, going on to experiment with high-precision formation-flying techniques. As has become traditional with Proba missions, the success of Proba-3’s technology will be proven through acquiring high-quality scientific data. In this case, the ‘occulter’ satellite will blot out the Sun’s fiery disc as viewed by the ‘coronagraph’ satellite, revealing mysterious regions of our parent star’s ghostly ‘corona’, or outer atmosphere. The Sun is a million times brighter than its surrounding corona, so eclipsing it is essential for coronal studies.
“For these studies, the satellites will fly 150m apart with millimeter and fraction-of-a-degree precision,” said Agnes Mestreau-Garreau, ESA’s Proba-3 project manager. “The technical challenge will be keeping them safely controlled and correctly positioned relative to each other. But success would deliver a whole new way of designing and flying space missions, with multiple rigidly controlled satellites able to form giant virtual instruments in space, far larger than anything that could be launched in one piece.”
Proba-3's pair of satellites will be in a highly elliptical orbit around Earth, performing formation flying maneuvers as well as scientific studies of the solar corona. The occulter satellite will have solar panels on its Sun-facing side.
Image courtesy of ESA – P. Carril, 2013.
Flight data gathered from Proba-3 can then guide the programming of simulators, opening the way to designing and evaluating a wide range of formation-flying missions to do all the tasks of a virtual large single satellite. On the scientific side, the shadow cast from one Proba-3 satellite to the other will give a sustained view of close-up regions of the solar corona. Usually, these segments are visible only for brief moments during terrestrial solar eclipses. Effectively, the two satellites will form a single ‘giant coronagraph’ in space. Proba-3 offers to address various enigmas, such as the fact that the corona, at upwards of a million degrees in temperature, somehow remains much hotter than the Sun’s 6000°C surface.
On November 27, 2014, the contract for Proba-3’s scientific payload was signed by Franco Ongaro, ESA’s Director of Technical and Quality Management, and Thierry Chantreine, General Manager of Belgium’s Centre Spatial de Liège, at ESA’s ESTEC technical center in Noordwijk, the Netherlands.
Photo is courtesy of ESA – Anneke Le Floc'h.
ESA Paris on July 11 hosted the contract signing for the Proba-3 mission, between Franco Ongaro, ESA’s Director of Technical and Quality Management, and Diego Rodriguez, Space Department Director of Spain’s Sener. On November 27, the contract for Proba-3’s scientific payload was signed by Franco Ongaro and Thierry Chantreine, General Manager of Belgium’s Centre Spatial de Liège, at ESA’s ESTEC technical center in Noordwijk, the Netherlands.
The ESA Proba mission infosite may be accessed at https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Engineering_Technology/Proba_Missions
