Artistic rendition of the ATV-3 spacecraft
On March 23, 2012, the unmanned cargo resupply spacecraft named after the Italian physicist Edoardo Amaldi will be launched on its five-month mission to the International Space Station (ISS) from the Europe’s spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, on board the European Ariane 5 ES launcher. Astrium is the industrial prime contractor for both the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) and the Ariane 5 European launcher. This will be the third ATV mission to ferry supplies to the International Space Station. ATV could be currently considered as the ‘best spaceflight robot’ due to its innovative technologies which enable it to dock automatically with the ISS at about 28,000 km/h.
The Edoardo Amaldi ATV is currently awaiting transfer to the launch pad, having completed an extensive series of tests over the last few weeks. These included combined tests to check the interface between the launcher and ATV, verification of the air cleanliness in the cargo module, and pressure and leak tests. The Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) of the Edoardo Amaldi has been loaded to capacity with supplies for day-to-day use including food, clothing, toiletries, consumables, tools, medical supply packages, replacement parts and new experiments. Known as ‘dry cargo’, this constitutes a total weight of 2.2 tons. Around 1.6 tonnes of this dry cargo is the ‘nominal load cargo’, which is loaded onto the vehicle a few months before the launch, while the remaining 600kg—known as ‘late load cargo’—are added to the ATV just three weeks prior to launch. Late load cargo includes perishable items and experiments that can only be kept in storage for a limited time.
The ATV’s various tanks will carry more than four tons of propellants and gases to the International Space Station (the ATV total is more than six tons including propellant needed for its own journey). The propellants will be used for multiple purposes, including attitude control, maneuvering, and refuelling the ISS. The Edoardo Amaldi ATV will also transport 285kg of water and 100kg of oxygen to the ISS. With a take-off weight approaching 20 tons, the ATV-3 is one of the heaviest payloads ever carried into orbit by an Ariane launcher.
The 2.2 tons of cargo and 1,062 individual items are divided up into a total of 153 bags to enable the astronauts to unload the Edoardo Amaldi on a gradual basis, according to their requirements. One of the items the ATV-3 will be carrying is a new ventilator for the European Columbus laboratory. Regular replacement of this lab component is just one of the tasks undertaken by Astrium as part of the Exploitation Contract which was signed with ESA for the European components of the ISS. The Edoardo Amaldi ATV will also be carrying a whole series of new experiments to the ISS. For instance, the cargo includes a human biology experimental device which will investigate the body’s energy management processes under weightless conditions. This experiment will provide important insights which can be applied to future long-term missions in weightless conditions. In addition, the BIOLAB facility in the Columbus research laboratory will be equipped with a module which will make it possible to deliver precisely defined supplies of clean air to the experiments performed in the laboratory.
The ATV-3 payload will also include toothbrushes of different bristle hardness and toothpaste of various flavors as part of efforts to make the astronauts feel more at home on the ISS. One of the cargo bags will even contain LEGO® Technic sets, part of a range of experiments that NASA is conducting for a special series of lessons for school pupils back on Earth.
